Land Degradation Could Create 50 Million Climate Refugees Within a Decade
Anti-desertification sand fences in Morocco. (Anderson Sady / CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fifty million refugees fleeing hunger and poverty could be created in the next decade unless the world’s land degradation crisis is addressed, according to a new U.N.-backed study.
The report, titled “The Value of Land,” estimates that between $6.3 trillion and $10.6 trillion worth of resources—including agricultural products, soil quality and benefits in tackling climate change—are lost each year due to land degradation. This is equivalent to between 10 and 17 percent of global annual GDP.
From the International Business Times:
“Our lands are no longer able to keep up with the pressures placed on its limited resources. Increasing misuse and demands for its goods are resulting in rapidly intensifying desertification and land degradation globally—an issue of growing importance for all people and at all scales,” the report said.
Globally, 2.6 billion people depend directly on agriculture. According to the report, soil degradation—exacerbated by deforestation and pollution—drought and desertification affect approximately 52 percent of arable land. Over the next 25 years, this might reduce global food production by up to 12 percent, raising global food prices by as much as 30 percent.
However, the authors added, “the economics of land degradation is about a lot more than agriculture.”
Desertification also threatens water availability and quality—a phenomenon that is believed to have played a key role in pushing Syria toward a brutal, protracted civil war that has cost nearly 300,000 lives. According to a previous study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an unprecedented drought in Syria between 2007 and 2010 triggered an exodus of nearly 1.5 million farmers to cities in search of food and work—a “contributing factor” that eventually led to the civil war.
Additionally, desertification also jeopardizes global biodiversity. Some estimates suggest that our planet might currently be losing approximately 27,000 species every year, a number that is likely to escalate with increase in the rate of desertification.
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