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You Are Not An Investor
Giotto Legend of St Francis, Exorcism of the Demons at Arezzo c.1297-1299
You are therefore not an investor. Perhaps you are a cheat, perhaps you are a chump, but you are not an investor. If we continue to use terms like ‘investor’ and ‘markets’ for what we see today, we would need to invent new terms for what these words once meant. Because they surely are not the same thing. Even as there are plenty people who would like you to believe they are, because it serves their purposes.
Central banks have become bubble machines, and that is the only function they have left. You could perhaps get away with saying that the dot-com bubble, maybe even the US housing bubble, were not created by central banks, but you can’t do that for the everything bubble of today.
The central banks blow their bubbles in order to allow banks and other financial institutions to first of all not crumble, and second of all even make sizeable profits. They have two instruments to blow their bubbles with, which are used in tandem.
The first one is asset purchases, which props up the prices for these assets, through artificial demand. The second is (ultra-) low interest rates, which allows for more parties -that is, you and mom and pop- to buy more assets, another form of artificial demand.
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Gold and the Grave Dancers
Gold and the Grave Dancers
The Asset They Love to Hate …
Back in the 1960s, Alan Greenspan wrote a well-known essay that to this day is an essential read for anyone who wants to understand the present-day monetary and economic system (which is a kind of “fascism lite” type of statism, masquerading as capitalism) and especially the almost visceral hate etatistes harbor toward gold. Greenspan’s essay is entitled “Gold and Economic Freedom”, and as the title already suggests, the two are intimately connected.
Alan Greenspan in the mid 1970s – although he later turned out to be a sell-out, his understanding of economics undoubtedly dwarfed that of his successors at the Fed (and we are not just saying this based on the essay discussed here).
Photo credit: Charles Kelly / AP Photo
What makes Greenspan’s essay especially noteworthy is that it manages to present both theory and history in a concise, easy to understand manner. There isn’t a word in it we would change. At one point, Greenspan provides a brief history lesson. Yes, the (relatively) free banking era in the United States in the 19th century involved fractional reserve banking and as a result, there were frequent boom and bust cycles. However, since there was no “lender of last resort” with an unlimited money printing capacity, these business cycles were sharp and brief, and the market economy quickly righted itself every time:
“A fully free banking system and fully consistent gold standard have not as yet been achieved. But prior to World War I, the banking system in the United States (and in most of the world) was based on gold and even though governments intervened occasionally, banking was more free than controlled.
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Is Greece a Template for U.S. State & Local Government Debt Crises?
Is Greece a Template for U.S. State & Local Government Debt Crises?
The template of over-indebtedness as a response to soaring obligations is scale-invariant, and it always ends the same way: default.
When you can’t pay your bills, you can either cut expenses, borrow money or if you’re extraordinarily privileged, print money. If you borrow money without cutting expenses, the interest on the borrowed money piles up and you can’t pay that, either. Then not only do you have a spending crisis, you have a debt crisis, and so do those who lent you the money.
Because the funny thing about borrowed money is it’s a debt to you but an asset to the lender.
Not only is your debt listed as an asset on the lender’s books–it’s collateral that supports whatever financial leverage the lender might engage in.
If you default on the debt, not only is the lender’s assets impaired–all his leveraged bets built on the collateral of your debt are suddenly impaired, too.
The preferred solution nowadays to a spending/debt crisis is to borrow your way out of the crisis: if you can’t pay the interest and debt that’s due, just borrow more to cover the interest payments and roll the old debt into new loans.
In a variation that we can call The Japanese Solution, the lender decides not to list your defaulted loan as impaired–he places your loan in a special zombie debtcolumn–it’s neither a performing loan nor a defaulted loan; it is a zombie loan.
The other solution (again from Japan) is to roll the defaulted debt into new loans at near-zero rates of interest that allow the borrower to pay a nominal sum every month, just to maintain the illusion of solvency. If you owe the bank $10 million, the bank loans you $11 million at .01% rate of interest and you promise to pay $100 a month.
There–problem solved! The loan is now performing because the borrower is once again making payments. But is either the borrower or lender actually solvent? Of course not.
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