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Saudi Arabia was supposed to pump almost 14 mb/d in 2018

Saudi Arabia was supposed to pump almost 14 mb/d in 2018

Trump_tweet_Saudi_pump_more_30Jun2018

We have to dig a little bit into history to see the context of this remarkable tweet whereby we have to switch between events and later, delayed analysis with the benefit of hindsight.

10 years ago GW Bush visited Saudi Arabia:

President Bush stands with Saudi Prince Salman, right, brother of Saudi King Abdullah, while watching a traditional sword dance at the Al Murabba Palace and Natural History Museum in Al Janadriyah, Saudi Arabia, Tuesday, Jan. 15, 2008. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)

Fig 2: Sword dance in January 2008
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/bob-cesca/president-bush-shouldnt-p_b_81998.html

15 Jan 2008
“I will say to him [King Abdullah] that, ‘If it’s possible, your majesty, consider what high prices is doing to one of your largest customers,’” Bush said. “In other words, the worst thing that can happen to an oil-producing nation is that the price of oil causes the economy to slow down, because that will inevitably lead to fewer purchases [of oil].”
https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Politics/story?id=4136209&page=1

The above ABC News story includes a reference to an interview which co-anchor Terry Moran had with Bush who noted: “If they don’t have a lot of additional oil to put on the market, it is hard to ask somebody to do something they may not be able to do.”

The original video link is broken but the wording has been documented by Gail the Actuary (Atlanta, Georgia) in this Oildrum post.

Obviously, Bush had realized what was going on. 3 years earlier he had already tried it, when oil prices went through the $50 mark.

26 Apr 2005
CRAWFORD, Tex., April 25 – President Bush discussed the surge in oil prices with Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia on Monday, but focused on a plan by the Saudis to increase their oil-pumping capacity over the next decade rather than on any short-term efforts to bring prices down.

Saudi Arabia’s plan, which it began discussing publicly weeks ago, calls for spending up to $50 billion to increase its maximum sustainable production capacity to 12.5 million barrels a day by 2009, and to 15 million in the subsequent decade, from about 10.8 million barrels now. The Saudis are currently pumping about 9.5 million barrels a day.

https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/26/world/middleeast/bush-and-saudi-prince-discuss-high-oil-prices-in-ranch.html

This was the plan:

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Peak oil in Asia Pacific (part 1)

Peak oil in Asia Pacific (part 1)

This post uses data released by the BP Statistical Review in June 2018

https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html

Oil production seems to have left its bumpy 6 year long (2010-2015) plateau of 8.4 mb/d and is now back to 2004 levels of 7.9 mb/d, a decline of 6% over 2 years.

Asia_oil_production_1965-2017Fig 1: Oil production in Asia –Pacific

Asia_incr-oil_production_2004-2017Fig 2: Incremental oil production

Base production is the sum of the minimum production levels in each country during the period under consideration. Incremental production is the production above that base production. In this way we clearly see that the peak was shaped by China, sitting on a declining wedge of all other Asian countries together. Note that growing production in Thailand and India could not stop that decline. Now let’s look at the other side of the coin, consumption:

Asia_oil_consumption_1965-2017Fig 3: Asia’s oil consumption growth

There has been a relentless increase in consumption since the mid 80s. The growth rate after the financial crisis in 2008 was an average of 3% pa.

China_oil_consumption_growth_2000-17Fig 4: Chinese oil consumption growth rates

Chinese annual oil consumption growth rates have been quite variable between 2% and a whopping 16% in 2004 which contributed to high oil prices. Fig 4 also shows there is little correlation between GDP growth and oil consumption growth (statistical problems?). There is nothing in this graph that could tell us that the Chinese economy has a consistent trend to become less dependent on oil. In the years since 2011, oil consumption growth was around 60% of GDP growth.

Let’s compare China with the US. China’s oil consumption is catching up fast with US consumption.

Comparison_oil_prod-cons_US-China_1965-2017Fig 5: Oil production and consumption: US vs China

On current trends, China’s oil consumption would reach US consumption levels of 20 mb/d in just 14 years.

Comparison_oil-im[ports_US-China_2000-17Fig 6: US and Chinese net oil imports

Contrary to misinformation by the media, the US is still a net importer of oil. Even blind Freddy can see that there will be intense competition for oil on global markets.

Asia_oil_production_consumption_2005-2017_fill_in-2037Fig 7: Oil supply gap for the Asia Pacific

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

 

Peak oil in Venezuela: El Furrial oil field

Peak oil in Venezuela: El Furrial oil field

We see the impact of the conventional oil peak in Venezuela. As an example let’s look at the El-Furrial field.

Autopista-Caracas

Fig 1: Not La-Hora-Zero (yet) but low voter turn-out for the May 20 Maduro election
http://800noticias.com/foto-caracas-desolada-este-domingo-en-pleno-proceso-electoralhttps://twitter.com/eutrafico

Location

Where is El Furrial?

It is located 30 km west of the capital Maturin of the State of Monogas (named after a 19th century president, population 1 million) in the North East corner of Venezuela.

Furrial_Maturin_Monagas

Fig 2: Location of El Furrial

Geology

East_Venezuela

Fig 3: Geological setting
http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2009/10202chatellier/poster

Furrial-trend_map_3Dview_2009

Fig 4: Map and 3D view of 3 fields

Exploration on the northern flank of the East Venezuela basin started in 1978. In 1986, discovery well FUL-1 penetrated 276 m of net oil sandstone and produced up to 7300 bbl of 26° API oil per day. El Furrial turned out to be a giant oil field (6×14 km at 14,000 ft) and 4 years later in 1990 reserves were estimated at 1.2 Gb

In 1999 PDVSA estimated following production profile for the 3 neighbouring fields of El Furrial, Santa Barbara and Carito with a peak around 2006

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Update on Australian oil import vulnerability May 2018

Update on Australian oil import vulnerability May 2018

Iran_crude_oil_loadings_Jan2016-Mar2018

iran-oil-export-destinations-data

How well is Australia prepared? The Turnbull government has just started yet another fuel security review. Similar efforts in previous Energy Security Assessments and Senate Inquiries resulted in little action (see earlier articles on this website below). In fact, the government’s latest Budget 2018 contains numerous projects in oil dependent infrastructure which lowers fuel security.

Roads get $4.5bn in Australia budget but rail spending forced to wait
8/5/2018
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/may/08/australia-federal-budget-2018-road-rail-spending-infrastructure-highways

Minister for the Environment and Energy

Fuel Security Review

7 May 2018

The Turnbull Government will assess Australia’s liquid fuel security to help deliver affordable and reliable energy.

Liquid fuel, such as petrol, diesel and jet fuel, accounts for 37 per cent of Australia’s energy use, including 98 per cent of transport needs.

Over the past two years, we have been focused on securing reliable and affordable electricity and gas. It is time now to consider Australia’s liquid fuel security.

The assessment is the prudent and proper thing to do to make sure we aren’t complacent. It should not be construed as Australia having a fuel security problem.

The comprehensive assessment will look at how fuel is supplied and used in Australia, including our resilience to withstand disruptions both overseas and in Australia.

We have not experienced a significant disruption to fuels supplies since the OPEC oil crises in the 1970s, but there is no room to be complacent.

Australia’s liquid fuel supply increasingly depends on overseas sources and relies on market forces to maintain reliability and affordability. The assessment will identify whether the Government should take further steps to ensure Australia’s domestic fuel supply is reliable.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

 

NSW fuel consumption and high immigration not compatible with CO2 reduction pathways

NSW fuel consumption and high immigration not compatible with CO2 reduction pathways

On 12/4/2018 a briefing session of the Greater Sydney Commission (GSC) on recently released planning documents
https://www.greater.sydney/greater-sydney-region-plan

took place in the Parramatta Novotel. According to the GSC establishment Act 2015 No 56 one of 9 principal objectives is:

(e) to encourage development that is resilient and takes into account natural hazards,
https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/acts/2015-57.pdf

The term “resilient” for the purpose of this legislation is not defined elsewhere in the act. According to the Oxford Dictionary resilient is being “able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions”  https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/resilient

Note that CO2 emissions are not mentioned in this act.

Two of the most “difficult conditions” are oil supplies and climate change. So the question here is:  has the Commission done any calculations to demonstrate Sydney’s resilience in this regard?

GSC_Panel

8m_Sydney_Rod_Simpson

30_min_city_Tim_Raimond

Structure_INSW_Kirsty_Allen
Fig 4: Recommendations on energy
https://insw-sis.visualise.today/documents/INSW_2018SIS_BuildingMomentum.pdf

In Q&A questions had to be submitted in writing:
My question was: “In which document can I find your energy calculations? How much oil, gas and coal will Sydney need in 10, 20 years? Have emission calculations been done? Has resource consumption as a function of alternative immigration scenarios been calculated?”

The host (Craig) sorted and selected the questions. He left out the immigration related part of my question and replaced it with: “And how about resource consumption?” This shows the GSC does not want an immigration debate because it would practically put in question their whole perpetual growth planning.

The Commissioner for Environment, Rod Simpson, answered:

“Good question. So we have actually got a publication where we are looking at the actual energy demand, the water demand across Sydney up on the web. So I encourage you to look at that.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

NSW coal power maxed out in hot summer (part 2)

NSW coal power maxed out in hot summer (part 2)

Part 2 Eraring, Mt Piper, Vales Pt

Introduction: The NSW government is selling Snowy Hydro to the Federal Government, thereby demonstrating beyond doubt that it is abrogating its duty of care to transition the energy supply system away from coal to renewable energies.

Malcolm Turnbull buys Snowy Hydro scheme from NSW and Victoria for $6 billion
1/3/2018
While the proceeds must be spent on “productive infrastructure” that boosts the economy, there will be no conditions placed on the specific projects that are funded by the proceeds, leaving Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews and NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian with full scope to fast-track existing projects with the help of the new cash.

NSW will receive $4.154 billion and Victoria will get $2.077 billion, reflecting their respective Snowy shareholdings after allowing for the company’s debt.

https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/malcolm-turnbull-buys-snowy-hydro-scheme-from-nsw-and-victoria-for-6-billion-20180301-p4z2e8.html

It is feared $4 bn will be wasted in election gifts. The Federal government failed to impose as a condition of sale that NSW spends the proceeds on investments in e.g. windfarms to drive the Snowy2 pumps.

NSW_gas_power_plants_Dec2017Fig 1: NSW black coal generation capacities

Eraring

Nameplate capacity 4×720=2,880 MW

Eraring_location_mapFig 2: Eraring coal fired power plant

Available generation for each of the 4 units was 700 MW max, slightly less than the name plate capacity of 720 MW.
Unit 1 started only on Jan 4th 2018.

Eraring1_Jan2018-RGFig 3: 3-dimensional representation of utilization of available generation between 4 Jan 2018 and 29 Jan 2018 in the afternoon (yellow to red) and evening (yellow to green). The valleys show a malfunction of the power unit.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Australia’s east coast solar generation is replacing coal by only 2% in late summer

Australia’s east coast solar generation is replacing coal by only 2% in late summer

This is an analysis of late summer. Data are taken from Open NEM: http://opennem.org.au/#
The graphs in this post are a bit different from those on the above website

Open_NEM_All_States_21-28Feb2018
Fig 1: Generation by fuel: 55% black coal, 19% brown coal, 9% gas, 7% wind, 6% hydro, 4% solar

All times shown in NEM time. AEST is one hour later.
The vertical lines show 12:00 noon, the start of hot afternoons. Note that Feb 24th – 25th was a weekend with lower demand.

Coal

Victoria’s inflexible brown coal was running 24/7 at an average of around 4,500 MW, near to capacity of 4,630 MW. The minimum was 3,800 MW on 21/2/2018. There are problems with Loy Yang as reported by The Australia Institute: http://www.tai.org.au/gas-coal-watch
VIC_coal_fired_power_plants_Dec2017Fig 2: Nameplate capacities of Victoria’s brown coal

Open_NEM_All_States_Coal_21-28Feb2018Fig 3: Black coal generation

Black coal had an average generation of 13,000 MW, variable between a minimum of 9,400 MW (at night around 3 am, -27% down from average) and 15,300 MW (afternoon, +18% above average)

NSW_coal_fired_power_plants_Dec2017Fig 4: Nameplate capacities of NSW black coal

QLD_coal_fired_power_plants_Dec2017

Fig 5: Nameplate capacities of Queensland black coal

During day time, black coal is less variable as shown in this graph:

Black_coal_22-27Feb2018Fig 6: Black coal generation over 24 hrs/6 days

Compared to 7 am power generation at 7 pm was up to 800 MW (average 500 MW) higher or around 4%-6% which is not very peaky.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Will Australia have a strategic oil reserve before it is too late? (part 2)

Will Australia have a strategic oil reserve before it is too late? (part 2)

In part 1 we talked about what action the government is taking to bring Australia back to the IEA 90 days oil stock requirement.

What was done so far

This website contains the relevant reports:

IEA International Energy Program Treaty
https://www.energy.gov.au/iea-international-energy-program-treaty

In July 2012 (under the Rudd government),  just months after Australia permanently dropped below the 90 days mark, a report prepared by Hale & Twomey Limited (from New Zealand) was published titled:

National Energy Security Assessment (NESA) Identified Issues –
Australia’s International Energy Oil Obligation
30/7/2012
https://www.energy.gov.au/sites/g/files/net3411/f/nesa-identifed-issues-aust-energy-oil-obligation-2012.pdf

The report proposed 4 models with varying degrees of responsibilities, funding , stock type, location and split

  • Model 1: Government responsible for the IEA stockholdings and uses ticket contracts to secure emergency stock above existing commercial stock levels.
  • Model 2: Government responsible for the IEA stockholdings and uses both physical stock and tickets to secure emergency stock above existing commercial stock levels.
  • Model 3: Combining government responsibility with an industry obligation and using both physical stock and ticket contracts for emergency stock.
  • Model 4: There is an industry obligation which will ensure the target can be met with the option to use both physical stock and tickets to meet the obligation.

Tickets are option contracts in which a country or organization purchases an option to buy stock from a stock owner. The stock can only be released in an emergency (declared by the IEA), with the option holder able to buy the stock at market prices. The purchaser of the ticket is able to count the stock as part of its obligation to hold emergency stock and the seller of the ticket is obliged to subtract these ticket sales from their stocks. This is physically monitored by the IEA. When stock owners and purchasers are in different countries these transactions are called bilateral tickets and require government-to-government agreements between both countries that guarantee the purchaser can exercise its options when needed.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Will Australia have a strategic oil reserve before it is too late? (part 2)

Will Australia have a strategic oil reserve before it is too late? (part 2)

In part 1 we talked about what action the government is taking to bring Australia back to the IEA 90 days oil stock requirement.

What was done so far

This website contains the relevant reports:

IEA International Energy Program Treaty
https://www.energy.gov.au/iea-international-energy-program-treaty

In July 2012 (under the Rudd government),  just months after Australia permanently dropped below the 90 days mark, a report prepared by Hale & Twomey Limited (from New Zealand) was published titled:

National Energy Security Assessment (NESA) Identified Issues –
Australia’s International Energy Oil Obligation
30/7/2012
https://www.energy.gov.au/sites/g/files/net3411/f/nesa-identifed-issues-aust-energy-oil-obligation-2012.pdf

The report proposed 4 models with varying degrees of responsibilities, funding , stock type, location and split

  • Model 1: Government responsible for the IEA stockholdings and uses ticket contracts to secure emergency stock above existing commercial stock levels.
  • Model 2: Government responsible for the IEA stockholdings and uses both physical stock and tickets to secure emergency stock above existing commercial stock levels.
  • Model 3: Combining government responsibility with an industry obligation and using both physical stock and ticket contracts for emergency stock.
  • Model 4: There is an industry obligation which will ensure the target can be met with the option to use both physical stock and tickets to meet the obligation.

Tickets are option contracts in which a country or organization purchases an option to buy stock from a stock owner. The stock can only be released in an emergency (declared by the IEA), with the option holder able to buy the stock at market prices. The purchaser of the ticket is able to count the stock as part of its obligation to hold emergency stock and the seller of the ticket is obliged to subtract these ticket sales from their stocks. This is physically monitored by the IEA. When stock owners and purchasers are in different countries these transactions are called bilateral tickets and require government-to-government agreements between both countries that guarantee the purchaser can exercise its options when needed.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Energy guzzling NSW had to import up to 1,700 MW on 7 Jan 2018

Energy guzzling NSW had to import up to 1,700 MW on 7 Jan 2018

On the first really hot day in 2018 Sydney experienced temperatures above 45 degrees.

2018010720180107.hresFig 1: BOM Temperature map for NSW on 7 Jan 2018
http://www.bom.gov.au/web03/ncc/www/awap/temperature/maxave/daily/colour/history/ns/2018010720180107.hres.gif

These were the temperatures in Sydney’s suburbs:

Sydney_temps_7Jan2018Fig 2: Maximum temperatures on 7th January 2018 in the Sydney Metropolitan area

Energy guzzling NSW had to import 1,659 MW on Jan 7th 2018 at 16:40 NEM time. This was a Sunday during summer holidays with a comparatively low demand.

NSW_generation_imports-7Jan2018Fig 3: NEM generation, imports and demand during the afternoon

Note that solar is not included in the definition of “generation” but sits on top of the NEM demand curve. It lowers the grid supply peak as described in this graph of the Australia Institute
https://twitter.com/TheAusInstitute/status/950614571286380545

AEMO Dashboard

The generation and import data are from AEMO’s dashboard (NEM Dispatch Overview tab)

NEM_7Jan2018_1330

Fig 4: Screen shot of AEMO’s NEM dispatch tab on 7/1/2018 13:30 NEM time (14:30 AEST)
https://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/National-Electricity-Market-NEM/Data-dashboard#nem-dispatch-overview

We can see that in NSW at 14:30 EAST demand of 11,608 MW was higher than generation 9,987 + 486 = 10,473 MW, a deficit of 1,135 MW.

AEMO’s dashboard also shows demand curves and electricity spot prices in a moving window of 2 days, separate for each State:

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Impact of oil production decline and low oil prices: Venezuela

Impact of oil production decline and low oil prices: Venezuela

nohaygasolina
Venezuelan X’mas 2017 without petrol
https://losbenjamins.com/2017/12/venezuela-sin-gasolina-navidades/

Petrol lines are nothing new in Venezuela. But the problem is getting deeper and deeper:

Top Venezuelan refineries are running at 34% of their capacity
17/10/2017
PUNTO FIJO, Venezuela/HOUSTON (Reuters) – Venezuela’s main refining complex, hobbled by a lack of oil and maintenance issues, is down to operating at about a third of its 955,000-barrel-per-day capacity, according to a union official and documents from the state-run oil company PDVSA
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-refinery-operations-pdvsa-paraguana/top-venezuela-refineries-at-34-percent-of-capacity-union-documents-idUSKBN1CL2T0

This is part 1 of articles on how Venezuela is hit by both declining oil production and the drop in oil prices since 2014. We start with:

Oil production

Please note that the data used in this article differ from source to source. Venezuelan government reports (PDVSA) will be on the high side. No effort was made to reconcile the numbers so every graph stands on its own.

Venezuela_oil_production_vs_consumption_1965-2016Fig 1: Double peak: drop in oil production since 2005. (PDVSA strike 2002/03)

Venezuela_crude_production_basin_1970-2014

Fig 2: Venezuela crude production by basin 1970-2014 (IESA)
http://servicios.iesa.edu.ve/portal/ciea//eec%202014%20iesa%20ingles.pdf

Maracaibo

Production started 100 years ago.  In 2012 Jean Laherrere calculated that discoveries were 63 Gb and cumulative production 42 Gb.
http://aspofrance.viabloga.com/files/JL_Venezuela2012.pdf

Assuming that since then another 2 Gb were produced the depletion level is 70%, making it a mature basin.

Maracaibo-oil-fields

Fig 3: Oil fields in Maracaibo
http://energy-cg.com/OPEC/Venezuela/Venezuela_OilGas_Industry.html

With 1,000s of leaking, abandoned wells and corroding pipes in the lake, it is now an environmental disaster zone plagued by oil spills, subsiding coast lines and duck weed infestations (from sewage, fertilizers, industrial waste, chemicals).

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Shale gas revolution did not last long for BHP – the Fayetteville story

Shale gas revolution did not last long for BHP – the Fayetteville story

BHP_ready_goodbye_US-shalehttp://www.naturalgasintel.com/topics/101-fayetteville-shale

We had these headlines a couple of months ago:

BHP’s $50 billion shale oil blunder

23/8/2017
BHP slapped $US4.75 billion ($6 billion) down on the table to buy the rights from Chesapeake Energy to around half-a-million acres of prospective shale gas reserves at Lafayette in Arkansas.
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-23/bhp-billion-dollar-shale-oil-blunder/8832698

‘They went too hard’ – BHP’s retreat wins plaudits

22/8/2017
Mr Mackenzie conceded BHP’s entry into the onshore US shale industry was “poorly timed, we paid too much” for the assets.
“We would like to get on with the exit from shale,” he said, adding that BHP would “be patient to make sure we restore value for shareholders”.
http://www.smh.com.au/business/mining-and-resources/they-went-too-hard–bhps-retreat-wins-plaudits-20170822-gy1jfq.html

This post’s focus is the Fayetteville shale gas in the US State of Arkansas. The following map is from a BHP investor presentation in February 2011, shortly before BHP bought shale gas acreage from Chesapeake in March 2011.

Fayetteville_map_2011Fig 1: Location of the Fayetteville shale

http://www.bhp.com/media-and-insights/news-releases/2011/02/bhp-billiton-announces-acquisition-of-chesapeake-energy-corporations-fayetteville-usa-shale-assets

Let’s hit the road, on route 65 from Conway (Arkansas) towards Greenbrier where many new subdivisions were built like this one:

Let’s hit the road, on route 65 from Conway (Arkansas) towards Greenbrier where many new subdivisions were built like this one:

Greenbrier_subdivisionFig 2: Testifying to the newly found wealth – as long as it lasts.

You can buy 5 acre lots for US$ 80,000 and the average house costs just 140 grand.

5 kms north of Greenbrier we find BHP gas well Fielder 8-13 2-33H, carved out of a forest lot.

BHP_permit_41740Fig 3: BHP gas wells in Fayetteville

BHP_Fayetteville_well_locations

Fig 4: BHP well locations in Fayetteville

The production history shows that BHP went into shale just 1 ½ years before the whole basin started to peak:

Fayetteville_shale_gas_production_2004-Jul2017Fig 5: Fayetteville shale gas production up to July 2017
https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=907&t=8

An undulating peak of production is clearly visible between mid 2012 and mid 2014

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Does the IEA try to hide the conventional crude oil peak in its 2017 World Energy Outlook?

Does the IEA try to hide the conventional crude oil peak in its 2017 World Energy Outlook?

In this post we look at crude oil production in the World Energy Outlook released in November 2017

WEO-2017-Table_4-5

Fig 1: WEO 2017 oil supply

Note that the 5 year interval table omits 2005 and 2010. Is this to conceal the 2005 conventional peak (see Fig 6)? The immediately important year 2020 also isn’t there.

Let’s put the crude oil related data of the above table 4.5 into a graph, thereby interpolating between 2016 and 2025 for 2020.

IEA_WEO_2017_crude_oil_table_4-5

Fig 2: WEO 2017 crude oil

Production from existing conventional fields declines by around 4% pa to just 23.5 mb/d in 2040. Enhanced oil discovery, fields yet-to-be-approved and yet-to-be found are calculated in such a way that total conventional production does not decline much. The important message here is that it won’t grow. Only unconventional oil is assumed to bring growth in production.

Traditionally, the IEA calculated the “call on OPEC” as a balancing item between demand and Non-OPEC production. Maybe that call is no longer heard.

In Fig 2, the underlying methodology is more complex:

  • Show perpetual production growth to match assumed demand growth
  • Determine decline in existing fields
  • Add enhanced oil recovery
  • Add yet-to-be developed
  • Add yet-to-be found so that conventional production declines only marginally or looks rather flat
  • Stack on top growing tight oil and heavy oil to show overall growth

Let’s compare WEO 2017 with WEO 2016

IEA_WEO-2016_crude_oil_table_3-11

Fig 3: Crude production forecast in the WEO 2016

We can see that the WEO 2016 was more detailed on existing fields. It showed post peak oil fields (70%), legacy fields (10 %) and ramp-up fields (20 %).

IEA_WEO_2017_existing-field_EOR_comparison_2016

Fig 4: Comparison existing fields WEO 2017 -2016

In the above stacked clustered graph we see that “existing fields” in the WEO 2017 are lower and therefore decline is higher (up to 2025) than the 4 categories of the WEO 2016 report: post peak, legacy, ramp-up and approved-not producing plus enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

The Fight for Northern Iraq’s remaining oil

The Fight for Northern Iraq’s remaining oil

Iraq_crude_oil_exports_Jul2009_Sep2017Fig 1: Iraqi crude exports by SOMO

The above graph shows Iraqi crude oil exports by the SOMO oil marketing company. Until March 2014 Kirkuk crude from North Oil Company (Avana and Baba domes and Bai Hassan fields) was flowing through the Iraq-Turkey pipeline (ITP) Kirkuk – Baiji refinery – Faysh Khabur (capacity 600 kb/d, metering station under Baghdad control near the border with Turkey) and on to the Ceyhan terminal in Southern Turkey. It stopped operating due to frequent attacks by militants. In June 2014 ISIL attacked the Baiji refinery (230 kb/d) and heavy fighting started with the Iraqi army.

Baiji_North_refinery_fireFig 2: Baiji refinery in September 2014

The refinery changed hands several times and was finally retaken by the Iraqi army in Nov 2015 but it was badly damaged.

The Kurdish Government built their own pipeline infrastructure with following capacities

  • Tawke oil field to Faysh Khabur (250 kb/d)
  • Taq Taq oil field to Khurmala, the northern dome of the Kirkuk oil field (150 kb/d)
  • Khurmala to Faysh Khabur (700 kb/d)

Kurdistan_oil-mapFig 3: Northern Iraq’s oil field and pipeline map and KRG’s oil production 2015

The map is from here:

http://www.petroleum-economist.com/articles/politics-economics/middle-east/2017/iraq-in-for-the-long-haul

The oil data are from the KRG government

http://mnr.krg.org/index.php/en/press-releases/540-mnr-publishes-updated-oil-production-and-revenue-report-for-2015

Projects (a) – (c) were completed by end 2013. Another pipeline between Khurmala and Avana was built and opened in mid 2014. This allowed Kirkuk oil to be exported via the KRG pipeline.

In December 2014 an agreement was made between Baghdad and KRG with following provisions:

(1) the KRG give 250,000 b/d of the crude oil produced in its territory to SOMO at the Ceyhan terminal to market the crude,

(2) Iraq (Baghdad) export 300,000 b/d of Kirkuk crude through KRG’s pipeline to Ceyhan

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Australia’s east coast gas crisis will be permanent

Australia’s east coast gas crisis will be permanent

NATIONAL ENERGY GUARANTEE TO DELIVER AFFORDABLE, RELIABLE ELECTRICITY

17/10/2017

“….delivering more gas for Australians before it’s shipped offshore”

Turnbull_NEG
Fig 1: Turnbull’s game changer and level playing field. Convincing?
https://www.pm.gov.au/media/2017-10-17/national-energy-guarantee-deliver-affordable-reliable-electricity

Let’s see how this miracle was achieved. The year 2017 didn’t start well. In February NSW had load shedding of 300 MW for a couple of peak hrs during which an aluminium smelter had to be partially turned off.

14 Feb 2017 NSW’s privatized giveaway coal plant causes load shedding in extreme weather
http://crudeoilpeak.info/nsws-privatized-giveaway-coal-plant-causes-load-shedding-in-extreme-weather

Turnbull’s gas walks to Canossa

Historical context: Prime Minister Turnbull, as Environment Minister under Howard, approved massive LNG export projects from Western Australia without a national domgas policy in place including imposing on the gas industry a condition to build a pipeline to the east, where conventional gas reserves were already known to be limited, as described in this excerpt from Howard’s energy white paper 2004:

EWP_2004_Howard_on_gas

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Olduvai IV: Courage
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Olduvai II: Exodus
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