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Why Quantitative Easing In The Eurozone Will Be Extended

Why Quantitative Easing In The Eurozone Will Be Extended

The staff of the European Central Bank has now released the new macro-economic projections for the Eurozone and whilst the introduction sounds optimistic about an ever-increasing GDP and a relatively stable GDP growth rate, reading between the lines suggests we could see an extended Quantitative Easing program.

The ECB is probably correct when it claims the economic recovery will remain ‘robust’, but it also mentions the ‘favorable financing conditions’ as one of the main drivers of this economic recovery. This is quite the ‘catch 22’ scenario. The economy is recovering due to the low interest rate policy of the ECB, but without this ‘easy money policy’, the recovery would be either much slower or non-existing at all. Whilst we have heard several voices from ECB committee members the central bank is getting close to the point it will start to increase the interest rates again, the working paper from the ECB staffers is pretty clear on the need for continuous (monetary) support to protect the current economic recovery.

Source: ECB paper

What’s even more intriguing is the fact the ECB’s assumptions are taking an even LOWER interest rate into account. The study was based on the market circumstances and market expectations as of half August, and back then, the market was taking an average 10 year government bond yield of 1.3% in 2018 and 1.6% in 2019 into consideration. However, this has now been revised downward with approximately 10-20 basis points. This could indicate the market has started to price in a longer period of easy and free money.

And that’s an important starting point. As the loans to businesses (and individuals) are priced based on the anticipated ‘risk-free’ interest rate of a government bond, the lower expectations for sovereign debt yields will trickle down to the ‘real’ economy (underpinning the growth expectations), but it’s unlikely this effect will still be noticeable should the ECB reduce its QE program.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Why Doesn’t This Household Debt Worry Anyone?!

Why Doesn’t This Household Debt Worry Anyone?!

With all the attention going to political tensions between the USA and North Korea and the interest rate policies and monetary policies established by the various central banks around the world, we would almost forget to keep track of how the ‘real’ economy is doing. And then we aren’t talking about GDP results or theoretical consumer confidence levels, but about how the average households in the United States are doing with a special attention to the debt levels.

Because consuming goods is one thing. Being able to afford them is another thing and if your consumption pattern and consumption economy is based on quicksand, then one simple economic shock might cause the entire consumption-based economy to collapse.

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has provided an updated net household debt situation, and the chart looks pretty alarming. After the Global Financial Crisis has hit the USA, the total debt decreased from 12.7 trillion dollar to 11.3 trillion dollar by 2013. Whilst this seems like a marginal move fueled by lower mortgage debt, it’s actually pretty impressive considering the 125 million households in the USA reduced their net debt by $11,200 per household.

Source: NY  Fed

However, since 2013, the fears for another financial crisis have decreased as the US banks seemed to be fine as most were passing the stress test of the Federal Reserve with flying colors. Meanwhile, the focus of the crisis and monetary world shifted towards Europe where Greece, Italy and Spain were trying to get their public finances in order.

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How Cheap Debt Avoids Countries Of Going Bankrupt

How Cheap Debt Avoids Countries Of Going Bankrupt

margin-debt-trading-stocks

It’s not a secret the cheap debt policy from the European Central Bank has really helped out several European countries to keep the government finances under control. Well, more or less, as several members of the Eurozone are still running huge budget deficits.

Inflation Rate 4

Source: European Commission

When the ECB was created, its main ( and sole) mission was to keep an eye on the monetary policy in the Eurozone and to ensure price stability. The focus was on the inflation rate, which should be approximately 2% as that was thought to be ideal in the longer term. In order to keep the economy going and to boost the inflation rate, the ECB has started an asset purchase program just a few years ago. This would allow the Central Bank to pump more liquidity into the system.

Interest Rate 3

Source: ECB.europa.eu

This plan was expected to have a ‘trickle down’ effect, but in reality most of the cash has been sticking to the wrong fingers. Banks and asset managers are benefiting, but the common man on the street doesn’t notice any benefit.

Au contraire, as the requirements for mortgages are becoming more strict, and you can just forget about easy access to credit cards or personal loans.

So let’s be clear, the low interest rate isn’t serving any other purpose than to make the institutions rich.

And we aren’t talking about a few billion and not even about a few hundred billion euro, as you can see on the next chart. The counter is at in excess of 1.6 trillion… and counting.

Interest rate 1

Source: Royal Bank of Canada

But perhaps more important, it also avoids the annual government budgets to fall off a cliff. In fact, even Jens Weidmann, one of the most fierce opponents of the buyback program, now expects the ECB to continue the purchase program.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Back From Never Gone: CURRENCY WARS

Back From Never Gone: CURRENCY WARS

US Dollar Chinese Yuan

In the previous episode of the currency wars, a few years ago, the Euro-Dollar exchange rate was in the spotlight. This has now completely disappeared to the background and whilst the countries of the Eurozone must be pretty happy with the weak currency (which boosts the export and increases the demand for domestically produced goods), the United States are less than happy as it weakens the position of the country on the export market.

China 4

Source: Tradingeconomics

You might have missed it when the mass media were falling over themselves to crucify president Trump, but we had the impression currency wars, and protecting the position of the United States on the world market were pretty high on his ‘to do list’ after decades of huge trade deficits. As you can see on the next image, there clearly is a huge discrepancy in the trade numbers between China and the United States. A substantial trade deficit, which has been nipped in the bud by China using their hard dollars to purchase US Treasuries.

China 2

Source: Danske Bank

Whereas the president was definitely pointing fingers at China during his election campaign, he seems to have been softer after a recent call with the Chinese president.

Does this mean the USA and China are now best buddies again? Probably not. It’s far more likely the president has realized he won’t be able to get much done when he gets in a direct confrontation with China. His staff has now launched a ‘test balloon’ and widened the scope of the currency manipulation investigation. Instead of singling out China, the White House will now be using a more general approach, and has even singled out Germany.

China 1

Source: Danske Bank

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China Is Cracking Down On Shadow Banking, But One European Country Is Encouraging It

China Is Cracking Down On Shadow Banking, But One European Country Is Encouraging It

When you hear about Shadow Banking, most people still associate it with dodgy Chinese schemes where more and more financial transactions were conducted outside of the normal and regulated banking system. In a previous column, we already briefly discussed how the Chinese shadow banking system had an impact on the copper price.

The scheme was actually pretty simple, and was aimed at maximizing the potential profits on borrowed money as even though copper importers in China received letters of credit valid for 3-6 months, the purchased copper was immediately sold on the domestic market, meaning the importer basically had a ‘free’ line of credit as it could invest the proceeds from the copper sales before having to repay the money drawn down from the letter of credit.

China has been trying to reduce the size of the shadow banking sector, and we argued this was one of the main reasons for the copper price weakness. As the world economy is correlated with how China is doing, the world is obviously keeping a close eye on the Chinese policies, and several first world countries blamed the Chinese regulators for letting things escalate.

But the truth is, the shadow banking issue is much more wide-spread than just China. Sure, the Chinese situation escalated pretty quickly, so it attracted more (unwanted) attention, but let’s have a look at how the shadow banking system is working elsewhere in the world. There is very little doubt peer to peer lending, which is essentially the basis of any shadow banking system, is booming and crowdfunding websites and simple P2P websites are popping up everywhere.

shadow-banking-1

Source: ECB

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Who Or What Will Push Italy Over The Cliff This Year?

Who Or What Will Push Italy Over The Cliff This Year?

Prime Minister Renzi Italy

Traditionally, the Eurozone’s GDP numbers of the second quarter of a calendar year are being released in the first few days of August, and this year isn’t any different. And as expected, the updated report contains some not-so-very-optimistic results.

Germany continues to be the main engine of the economy of the Eurozone, as the largest country of the bloc saw its GDP increase by 0.4%which is better than expected as the market was expecting a weaker growth result. Unfortunately Italy is once again stagnating and instead of a small economic growth of 0.2%, the economy’s growth rate fell flat and remained at exactly at the same level, indicating the program of monetary expansion of the ECB isn’t working just yet.

Italy GDP Industrial Production

Source: Bloomberg

The lower growth rate (after realizing a GDP increase of 0.3% in the previous quarter) also caused both the International Monetary Fund and the Bank of Italy to revise their growth expectations as both institutions now expect the country’s economy to grow by less than 1% in the current year. That’s a very disappointing result as the quantitative easing program of the European Central Bank was predominantly aimed at reducing the impact of economic contractions in the poorer performing countries. But the situation might actually be even worse than you’d expect.

After all, Italy could be considered to be a semi-failed state, and the current prime minister, Matteo Renzi, was planning to push some reforms through after the summer recess of the country’s parliament. Reforms will definitely be necessary to try to the Italian economy going again, as it’s one of the very few countries remaining short of the pre-crisis levels of the GDP considering Italy’s GDP is still approximately 8% lower compared to the pre-crisis GDP numbers whilst the unemployment numbers are increasing again.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Japan still leads the way towards our endgame

Japan still leads the way towards our endgame

japan_SISuccessful investors live by a golden rule: what the mainstream financial media talks about is not important. They focus on what they don’t hear instead. So forget about Yellen for a second. Let go of Draghi, oil, the South African rand and Syria. That’s all in the now. But investing is about the future.

We are convinced there is one proverbial elephant in the room in particular that will shape our future. And that elephant is Japan. The ‘widowmaker’ trade has been claiming financial lives for multiple decades now. That is, short JGBs, or Japanese Government Bonds, was so obvious a trade that it never worked. The 10-year yield currently trades at 0.3%, which is close to the all-time low. We’re still waiting for the shoe to drop.

Will it ever drop? We believe it will. ‘Drop’ might not be the appropriate word. The accumulation of imbalances might trigger a cascade of events that will shake the world at its core. Let’s investigate some data.

Japan’s debt-to-GDP ratio has hit a unprecedented 230%. You probably knew that. But it doesn’t keep you awake at night. We are genetically wired to focus on acute danger. If a tiger approaches us, we focus. But if stands still and doesn’t move for years, we turn around in search for other dangers. Wise investors remind themselves constantly of the tiger though. They never let their guard down.

What about the pace at which debt-to-GDP is ramping up? The budget deficit tells us all we need to know.

For six years in a row already, Japan scored around minus 8%. And given the flattish GDP, these annual percentages head straight to the public debt pile. Japan’s long term potential real GDP-growth rate is simply close to zero, given the demographics. The latest quarterly print was a minus 0.3%. This makes the debt grow even faster.

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…

Olduvai IV: Courage
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