{"id":32434,"date":"2018-03-16T09:46:54","date_gmt":"2018-03-16T14:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/olduvai.ca\/?p=32434"},"modified":"2018-03-16T09:47:07","modified_gmt":"2018-03-16T14:47:07","slug":"rethinking-the-balance-between-equality-and-hierarchy-2-new-insights-into-the-evolution-of-hierarchy-and-inequality-throughout-the-ages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/?p=32434","title":{"rendered":"Rethinking the balance between equality and hierarchy: 2) New insights into the evolution of hierarchy and inequality throughout the ages"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rethinking the balance between equality and hierarchy: 2) New insights into the evolution of hierarchy and inequality throughout the ages<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n
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This is a follow up on our earlier article on finding techniques for \u2018reverse dominance\u2019<\/a>, i.e. avoiding the concentration of power.<\/p>\n

More indications of how to restore a new balance towards egalitarian (or rather \u2018equipotential\u2019) outcomes come from David Graeber, who wrote a very important article<\/a> summarizing the last 3 decades of findings from archaeology and anthropology, which have overturned many of our insights:<\/p>\n

1) In the excerpt on\u00a0Seasonal Reversals of Hierarchical Structures<\/a>\u200e\u200e he shows several examples of tribes and societies which combined more egalitarian and more hierarchical arrangements, according to context.<\/p>\n

2) In the excerpt on the\u00a0Transition from Foraging to Farming Societies<\/a>\u200e\u200e, he shows that this was by no means a universal transition towards more hierarchy ; in fact, many agricultural societies and their cities had deep democratic structures (sometimes more egalitarian than their earlier tribal forms)<\/p>\n

3) Finally in the last one,\u00a0Top-Down Structures of Rule Are Not the Necessary Consequence of Large-Scale Organization<\/a>, he gives several examples showing \u2018size does not matter\u2019<\/p>\n

All this should give us hope, that the evolution towards the current hierarchical models are not written in stone, and that societies can be more flexible than they appear.<\/p>\n

Seasonal Reversals of Hierarchical Structures<\/strong><\/p>\n

David Graeber: <\/strong>\u201cFrom the very beginning, human beings were self-consciously experimenting with different social possibilities. Anthropologists describe societies of this sort as possessing a \u2018double morphology\u2019. Marcel Mauss, writing in the early twentieth century, observed that the circumpolar Inuit, \u2018and likewise many other societies . . . have two social structures, one in summer and one in winter, and that in parallel they have two systems of law and religion\u2019. In the summer months, Inuit dispersed into small patriarchal bands in pursuit of freshwater fish, caribou, and reindeer, each under the authority of a single male elder. Property was possessively marked and patriarchs exercised coercive, sometimes even tyrannical power over their kin. But in the long winter months, when seals and walrus flocked to the Arctic shore, another social structure entirely took over as Inuit gathered together to build great meeting houses of wood, whale-rib, and stone. Within them, the virtues of equality, altruism, and collective life prevailed; wealth was shared; husbands and wives exchanged partners under the aegis of Sedna, the Goddess of the Seals.<\/p>\n

…click on the above link to read the rest of the article…<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Rethinking the balance between equality and hierarchy: 2) New insights into the evolution of hierarchy and inequality throughout the ages This is a follow up on our earlier article on finding techniques for \u2018reverse dominance\u2019, i.e. avoiding the concentration of power. More indications of how to restore a new balance towards egalitarian (or rather \u2018equipotential\u2019) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[152,9885,6411,19312,19313,19314,19315,16606,19316,19317,637,19318],"class_list":["post-32434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-liberty","tag-commons","tag-commons-transition","tag-michel-bauwens","tag-p2p-collaboration","tag-p2p-cultures","tag-p2p-governance","tag-p2p-hierarchy-theory","tag-p2p-solidarity","tag-p2p-theory","tag-peer","tag-politics","tag-property-sharing-theory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32435,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32434\/revisions\/32435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}