{"id":11943,"date":"2015-09-07T07:52:23","date_gmt":"2015-09-07T12:52:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/olduvai.ca\/?p=11943"},"modified":"2015-09-07T07:52:23","modified_gmt":"2015-09-07T12:52:23","slug":"global-warming-how-much-heat-exactly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/?p=11943","title":{"rendered":"Global warming: how much heat, exactly?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<h3 class=\"separator\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cassandralegacy.blogspot.ca\/2015\/09\/global-warming-how-much-heat-exactly.html\" target=\"_blank\">Global warming: how much heat, exactly?<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"separator\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-w5XWwNfV0O0\/VewHQGlo2bI\/AAAAAAAAPCk\/oJCVTkcclI0\/s1600\/heaters6_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-w5XWwNfV0O0\/VewHQGlo2bI\/AAAAAAAAPCk\/oJCVTkcclI0\/s400\/heaters6_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"356\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><i>It is often difficult to visualize what we are doing to our planet. But a simple calculation shows that the greenhouse effect generated by fossil fuels can be seen as the equivalent of turning on more than a hundred 1 kW electric heaters for each human being on the earth. And we can&#8217;t turn them off!<\/i><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"Apple-style-span\">If you look at the way climatologists describe global warming, you&#8217;ll see that they use a lot the term &#8220;forcing&#8221;; that is, the additional effect of human activities to the natural heating from sunlight. Not all\u00a0<span id=\"7c855794-8005-4fda-8093-104863d1df52\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"98eac9bf-1ac0-4883-80c2-b5507739fb12\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"af8d5f7c-580b-4f3b-a4a5-2bc988971fd1\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"e68ace39-0459-403b-8de2-eb1a2100d3ab\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\">forcings<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0increase temperatures, some tend to reduce it; for instance, atmospheric particulate. The overall result is called &#8220;imbalance&#8221; or &#8220;net forcing.&#8221; You can think of a forcing in terms of someone trying to budge a person who doesn&#8217;t want to move. If the person pushing is stronger, the net force will cause the person being pushed to move. In the case of climate, the warming<span id=\"a58a09a8-1e40-4c05-babe-c2a043b3861b\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"08d105c4-e8ac-4c11-9406-75087c9f526f\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"9e0a85c4-5e5d-4c55-9825-d147451bc80e\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"f3acc921-2363-4785-aa1b-849a7664b6d3\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\">forcings<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0are stronger than the cooling\u00a0<span id=\"36b4778b-ffad-4e02-a607-db7679c3a523\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"44dfce5a-320e-4a12-aa7a-6db7de2daae9\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"04373bf5-d1d4-4045-bb47-d0222737800b\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"2c7684a9-b1b9-41cf-acdc-a6bd3f3dd862\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\">forcings<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, and the net result is a rise in temperature.<\/p>\n<p>As we keep emitting CO2 and other gases, the greenhouse forcing effect increases, as you see in the figure below (Hansen 2011).<\/p>\n<p><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-2kTwV29XmiA\/VewHXhUoQXI\/AAAAAAAAPCs\/TLI6Nsc7tVQ\/s1600\/Hansen.PNG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-2kTwV29XmiA\/VewHXhUoQXI\/AAAAAAAAPCs\/TLI6Nsc7tVQ\/s640\/Hansen.PNG\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"334\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"Apple-style-span\">In this figure,\u00a0<span id=\"eea13c14-ddb4-4f99-8abd-5ef4b5b26b12\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"745b9d6d-561e-403c-832f-983ee858d2c8\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"917a60bc-3764-4780-9dae-dd74de55d0b1\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"36244fec-6b4a-4ec2-ac73-4828136ef843\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\">forcings<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0are measured in terms of W\/m2 (watts per square meter), as it is generally done in climate science. Unfortunately, it is a kind of unit that doesn&#8217;t convey a feeling of the magnitude of what we are doing to our planet. A few watts per square meter are approximately equivalent to a single Christmas light, and that doesn&#8217;t look worrisome. But, if you take into account the effect on the whole planet (510 million km2), then the overall forcing is gigantic: from Hansen&#8217;s figure you obtain something like 1500 TW (<span id=\"6b387354-8238-492a-a9c4-2806587b9c68\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"96d88e70-75c2-4e51-865f-e3ec33504855\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\"><span id=\"f7e0b473-79da-4ce9-b17c-089636865897\" class=\"GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark\">terawatts<\/span><\/span><\/span>, or trillions of\u00a0watts) for greenhouse gas forcing and around 500 TW for the net forcing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8230;click on the above link to read the rest of the article&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Global warming: how much heat, exactly? It is often difficult to visualize what we are doing to our planet. But a simple calculation shows that the greenhouse effect generated by fossil fuels can be seen as the equivalent of turning on more than a hundred 1 kW electric heaters for each human being on the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[113,141,8270,1004,369,386,3512,2692],"class_list":["post-11943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environment","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-climate-change","tag-climatology","tag-co2","tag-global-warming","tag-greenhouse-gases","tag-resource-crisis","tag-ugo-bardi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11943"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11944,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11943\/revisions\/11944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olduvai.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}